Core Mechanisms Of Action Of Anti-inflammatory Peptides

Inhibiting the Production of Inflammatory Mediators

Anti-inflammatory peptides block inflammatory signaling pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK, reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. For example, some antimicrobial peptides (such as defensins) can directly bind to bacterial toxins, reducing the intensity of the inflammatory response.

Regulating Immune Cell Function

Anti-inflammatory peptides can act on immune cells such as macrophages and T cells:

Promoting the transformation of macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2), reducing the secretion of inflammatory mediators.

Inhibiting the overactivation of Th17 cells while enhancing the function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to maintain immune homeostasis.

Promoting Tissue Repair

Some anti-inflammatory peptides (such as lactoferrin peptides) can accelerate the regeneration of damaged tissues. By activating the expression of growth factors (such as EGF and VEGF), they help rep